【六屆通譯杯比賽輔導(dǎo)】初賽題目分類介紹之筆譯題2
【六屆通譯杯比賽輔導(dǎo)】初賽題目分類介紹之筆譯題2
今天我們一起來探討在漢英翻譯中需要注意的一個(gè)部分,那就是漢語和英語在句式上的差異,如果我們能注意到這兩種語言之間的差異,那么我們的譯文就不會(huì)很生硬,也更能夠被目標(biāo)語言的讀者所接受。
1. 中英文句式的差異:中文善于用短句且用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào);英文善于用長句,不注重標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用。因此,在英譯漢時(shí),要多用短句;漢譯英時(shí),則多用長句。比如:
原文:一種新產(chǎn)品,只要包裝精美,質(zhì)量過硬,宣傳得當(dāng),就能在市場中熱銷。
譯文:A new product which has beautiful packing, good quality and advertising may likely be a hit in market.
解析:原文中的漢語為五個(gè)小短句組成,在翻譯成英文時(shí)我們將其處理成完整的句子,各個(gè)部分用定語從句連接。
2. 中英文動(dòng)靜的差異:中文是動(dòng)態(tài)性語言,善于用動(dòng)詞;英文是靜態(tài)性語言,善于用名詞;中文善用名詞或省略,英文善用代詞。因此,英譯漢時(shí),多用動(dòng)詞,漢譯英時(shí),多用名詞。比如:
原文:Resorted to compromise and capitulation
譯文:訴諸在外部的妥協(xié)和投降
解析: “compromise”和 “capitulate”都是名詞,翻譯成漢語時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞形式。
3. 中文是意合語言,英文是形合語言:英譯漢要省略適當(dāng)連詞,漢譯英要加適當(dāng)連詞。比如:
原文:I did not go to school, because I was sick.
譯文:我病啦,沒去上課。
解析:英文中用了連詞“because”,但翻譯成中文時(shí)則省略了連詞“因?yàn)椤保@體現(xiàn)了中文是意合語言,英文是形合語言的特點(diǎn)。
在今天的練習(xí)題中,希望大家能夠注意到漢英兩種語言的區(qū)別,使得譯文更加地道具有可讀性。
【原文】
能源安全同世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展和各國人民的福祉息息相關(guān)。在當(dāng)前國際金融危機(jī)背景下,維護(hù)全球能源安全對有效應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)沖擊、推動(dòng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全面復(fù)蘇和長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展具有重要意義。
國際社會(huì)應(yīng)樹立互利合作、多元發(fā)展、協(xié)同保障的新能源安全觀,共同穩(wěn)定能源等大宗商品價(jià)格、防止過度投機(jī)和炒作,保障各國特別是發(fā)展中國家能源需求,維護(hù)能源市場正常秩序。同時(shí),各國應(yīng)改善能源結(jié)構(gòu),加強(qiáng)先進(jìn)能源技術(shù)的研發(fā)和推廣,大力發(fā)展清潔和可再生能源,在相關(guān)領(lǐng)域積極開展國際合作。
【參考譯文】
Energy security is closely related to the stable growth of t world economy and the well-being of people in all countries. Against the backdrop of global financial crisis, ensuring energy security is vital to effectively tackle the impact of the crisis and to promote the full recovery and long-term development of world economy.
The international community should foster a new energy security outlook featuring mutually beneficial cooperation, diversified development and coordinated supply. Joint efforts must be made to stabilize the prices of energy and other commodities and prevent excessive speculation and market hype, so as to meet the energy demands of all countries, particularly the developing countries, and maintain order in the energy market. Meanwhile, countries should improve their energy mix, promote the R & D and diffusion of advanced technologies, vigorously develop clean and renewable energies, as well as actively advance international cooperation in relevant fields.